Critical hit

A critical hit is a gameplay mechanic in XCOM: Enemy Unknown and XCOM 2.

Overview

When firing most weapons, units have a chance to inflict additional damage (about +50% in XC1) upon their opponent with a critical hit. A unit's Critical Hit Damage and Critical Hit Chance stats are partially composed of base stats added by the weapon being used, but may vary from encounter to encounter due to many factors established by both the shooter and the target. These include both parties' pertinent traits, abilities, status effects, gene mods, equipment & upgrades, as well as the positioning of the units. Catching a target out of cover (referred to as "Enemy Exposed" in XC1), or flanking from an unprotected side, increases the chance of a critical hit by 50% in XC1, or 40% in XC2.

Hit Chance

In Enemy Unknown, the critical percent displayed in-game indicates the chance of a successful hit being critical, not the chance of landing a critical hit against the opponent. To determine the latter, multiply the displayed chance to hit by the critical percentage. For example, if you have a 88% chance to hit the target, and a 25% critical chance, the percent outcomes are:

• Chance of critical hit: 88% × 25% = 22%
• Chance of regular hit: 88% - 22% = 66%
• Chance of miss: 100% - 22% - 66% = 12%

While Aim and Defense modify the chance of a hit, they are not directly related to Critical Hit Chance or Critical Hit Damage stats.

Note that XCOM 2 functions differently, in that the critical percent displayed indicates the absolute chance that the shot will be a critical hit, except in cases where the critical chance exceeds the chance to hit. If a shot with an hit chance of 88% and a critical chance of at least 88% hits, then it is guaranteed to be a critical hit.

Weapons

Most weapons, excluding rocket launchers and grenades, are capable of inflicting a critical hit. Of all the primary weapon types, sniper rifles have the highest base chance to inflict a critical hit throughout the game, increasing by +5% critical chance with each technology level. Heavy's LMGs have the lowest critical chance, remaining at zero from conventional weapon through to plasma. The Laser Pistol is the only secondary weapon that has a base chance to critically hit.

Weapon	Base Damage	Critical Chance	Critical Damage
Light Machine Guns
LMG	3 - 5	0%	6 - 7
Heavy Laser	5 - 7	0%	9 - 10
Heavy Plasma	8 - 10	0%	13 - 15
MEC
Minigun	4 - 6	10%	7 - 9
Railgun	6 - 8	10%	10 - 12
Particle Cannon	9 - 11	10%	15 - 16
Pistols
Pistol	1 - 2	0%	2 - 3
Laser Pistol	1 - 3	10%	3 - 4
Plasma Pistol	2 - 4	0%	4 - 6
Rifles
Assault Rifle	2 - 4	10%	4 - 6
Laser Rifle	4 - 6	10%	7 - 9
Light Plasma Rifle	4 - 6	10%	7 - 9
Plasma Rifle	6 - 8	10%	10 - 12
Shotguns
Shotgun	3 - 5	20%	6 - 7
Scatter Laser	5 - 7	20%	9 - 10
Alloy Cannon	8 - 10	20%	13 - 15
Sniper Rifles
Sniper Rifle	3 - 5	25%	6 - 7
Laser Sniper Rifle	5 - 7	30%	9 - 10
Plasma Sniper Rifle	8 - 10	35%	13 - 15

Bonuses and Perks

Beyond weapons and troop positioning, there are a substantial number of ways to increase one's chance of avoiding a critical hit, inflicting a critical hit, and critical hit damage.

Basic Abilities and Traits

Ability / Trait	Description
Hardened	-60% critical chance against this unit. XCOM: MEC Trooper, all varieties of S.H.I.V.s Enemies: Berserker, Chryssalid, Cyberdisc (closed), Drone, Ethereal, Mechtoid, Sectopod, Uber Ethereal
Hunker Down	Immune to being critically hit (unless flanked). XCOM: Assault, Heavy, Sniper, Support Enemies: All EXALT units, most Alien land units
Overwatch	Reaction shots on Overwatch cannot critically hit. XCOM: All units Enemies: All EXALT units, Cyberdisc, Floater, Heavy Floater, Mechtoid, Muton, Muton Elite, Outsider, Sectoid, Sectoid Commander, Sectopod, Thin Man

Notes

• Although they have a similar name and purpose, the civilian ability Head Down is not the same as Hunker Down. Head Down does not provide immunity to critical hits.

Class Abilities

Class	Ability	Description
Assault	Aggression	+10% critical chance per enemy in sight (max +30%).
	Bring Em On	+1 critical damage per enemy the squad can see (max +5).
	Close and Personal	+30% critical chance against adjacent targets. (Doesn't apply in XCOM: Enemy Within due to change to ability.)
	Killer Instinct	Run & Gun grants +50% critical damage.
	Resilience	Immune to being critically hit.
MEC EW	Body Shield	The nearest visible enemy cannot critically hit this unit. (Heavy-based MEC Troopers)
	Collateral Damage	Collateral Damage cannot critically hit.
	Platform Stability	+10% critical chance. (Sniper-based MEC Troopers)
Sniper	Disabling Shot	Disabling Shot cannot critically hit.
	Headshot	+30% critical chance, and +critical damage based on the tech level of the rifle.
	Opportunist	Allows reaction shots (e.g. Overwatch) to critically hit.
	Squadsight	XCOM: Enemy Within only: Squadsight shots cannot critically hit, unless a Headshot.
Support	Combat Drugs	Smoke Grenades grant +10% critical chance for all units in the cloud.

Notes

• The Heavy class is the only soldier class that does not have a class ability involving critical hits. The only critical hit perks available to Heavies are ones available to all (non-MEC) classes, such as Reaper Rounds and Gene Mods. A Heavy that becomes a MEC Trooper gets a critical hit defense ability, Body Shield.

Equipment Abilities

Ability	Description
Ghost Mode	+100% critical chance while stealthed (+30% in XCOM: Enemy Within). XCOM: soldier with Ghost Armor / Ghost Grenade EW Enemies: None (ability possessed by Seekers but cannot be used to crit)
Reaper Rounds EW	+20% critical chance against organic targets. XCOM: Soldier with conventional weapon & Reaper Rounds Enemies: None

Gene Mods

Gene Mod	Description
Adrenal Neurosympathy EW	+5% critical chance. XCOM: Gene-modded soldier & nearby allies Enemies: None
Adrenaline Surge EW	+10% critical chance per turn when wounded. XCOM: None Enemies: EXALT Elite Operative
Depth Perception EW	+5% critical chance bonus for height advantage. XCOM: Gene-modded soldier] Enemies: EXALT Elite Sniper
Mimetic Skin EW	+30% critical chance when stealthed. XCOM: Gene-modded soldier Enemies: None

Foundry Upgrades

Upgrade	Description
Improved Pistol I	+20% critical chance with all pistols.
S.C.O.P.E. Upgrade	+10% critical chance added to the S.C.O.P.E.

Miscellaneous

Ability	Description
Council Medal of Honor EW	+10% critical chance if not within 7 tiles of an allied unit. XCOM: Soldier Enemies: None
Greater Mind Merge	Receiver is granted +25% critical chance. XCOM: None Enemies: Sectoid Commander (transmitter), Sectoid (receiver)
Mind Merge	Receiver is granted +25% critical chance. XCOM: None Enemies: Sectoid (transmitter/receiver)

Second Wave

A few Second Wave options affect the characteristics of critical hits.

• Absolutely Critical increases the "Enemy Exposed" and "Flanking" bonuses from +50% to +100% critical chance, while modifying the Hardened trait from -60% to -100% critical chance to compensate for units that cannot take cover. While this option makes flanking or being out of cover more dangerous, it also means that there is a net 10% increase to critically hit a Hardened unit.
• Damage Roulette alters the calculation of the damage dealt by a critical hit. The bonus damage is the weapon's base damage, added to the randomized damage of the hit (between 1 and 150% of the base damage). As such, going for critical hits is one way to deal consistent damage.

Bugs

• In XCOM: Enemy Within, critical hit damage may vary from what is listed in a weapon's Tactical Info due to a calculation bug. They may inflict one point less than the indicated minimum, and/or be limited to one point less than the indicated maximum.